How To Tell the Difference between
Normal Forgetfulness and Dementia
Update: Sept 2026
Everyone forgets things from time to time, no matter their age. Misplacing your keys or briefly struggling to recall a name usually isn’t a cause for concern, particularly if you remember it later. But if changes in memory or thinking are becoming more frequent or starting to affect daily life, you might wonder whether they are part of normal ageing or a possible sign of dementia.
Dementia is not a normal part of ageing, and it can affect more than memory. While no single change means that someone has dementia, understanding some of the differences may help you recognise when it is time to speak with a doctor. So, how can you tell the difference between normal forgetfulness and the signs of dementia?
When Could Forgetfulness Be a Sign of Dementia?
Everyone misplaces their keys or reading glasses from time to time, and occasionally forgetting an appointment can happen at any age. An isolated memory lapse, particularly when the information comes back to you later, does not necessarily indicate dementia.
According to Dementia Australia*, possible warning signs include forgetting more often, struggling to remember new information, or repeatedly asking the same question. One forgotten name or appointment is not the main concern. A developing pattern of forgetfulness may warrant closer attention.
Difficulty with Familiar Tasks
Making an occasional mistake while completing an everyday task can happen to anyone. You might forget an ingredient while following a recipe, particularly if you are distracted. Repeatedly losing track during a task you know well is different.
This could include missing steps when preparing a meal, becoming confused while paying regular bills, or struggling to use a familiar appliance. A task that once felt routine may become confusing or difficult to complete.
Is Difficulty Finding Words a Sign of Dementia?
It’s common to have moments when the word you want seems just out of reach. Often, it comes back to you later. An occasional pause or forgotten word does not necessarily indicate a problem.
A noticeable shift may involve forgetting familiar words or using a word that does not fit the conversation. A person may also lose track of what is being discussed or find it difficult to resume a conversation after an interruption. Over time, these difficulties can make it harder to follow or take part in an ordinary conversation.
Confusion About Time and Place
Anyone can briefly lose track of the date or forget which day of the week it is. Usually, you realise your mistake or work it out soon afterwards.
It may be more concerning when confusion about time or place occurs regularly or happens in familiar surroundings. A person might have difficulty finding their way to a place they often visit. They may also become unsure how to get home or repeatedly confuse the time or day.
Taking a wrong turn in an unfamiliar area is different from becoming lost somewhere you know well.
Changes in Mood, Behaviour, or Personality
Dementia can also be associated with changes in mood, behaviour, or personality. Someone may become more withdrawn or anxious. They may lose interest in activities they usually enjoy or respond differently in everyday situations.
Changes in mood or behaviour can have many causes and do not necessarily indicate dementia. However, they should not be dismissed when they are unusual for the person or occur alongside memory or communication difficulties.
When to Speak with a Doctor About Dementia
If you are concerned about changes in your own or someone else’s memory, thinking, communication, mood, or behaviour, make an appointment with a doctor. These signs do not necessarily mean dementia.
Dementia Australia* explains that depression, infections, medication side effects, sleep problems, vitamin deficiencies, and dehydration can sometimes cause similar symptoms. A doctor can investigate what may be contributing to them and advise you on the next steps.
Sudden confusion or a rapid change in someone’s behaviour should be assessed promptly, as it may have another medical cause.
This article provides general information and is not a substitute for advice from a qualified health professional.
Support for People with Dementia and Their Carers
If you support someone living with dementia, some extra help at home can make everyday routines more manageable. Simply Helping provides respite care and other home care services based on each person’s needs and preferences.
For dementia information, advice, and support, contact the National Dementia Helpline on 1800 100 500.
*Sources: Dementia Australia, Early Warning Signs of Dementia and Dementia Testing and Diagnosis, accessed September 2026. www.dementia.org.au
